The dream of the closed loop has been floating around the diabetes sphere since 1964. Controlling the blood sugar of people with diabetes automatically via one device – that was the vision. Active work has been going on since 1979. When I was diagnosed 10 years ago, I quickly learned that the loop was „in the making“ and would soon become reality. But when? For a long time this breakthrough was „just within reach“. And yet it has always been so far away. But now it is really happening. The Medtronic MiniMed 670G is the first hybrid closed-loop system on the German market. A long awaited dream has become reality. I’ve been given the opportunity to trial the system since November 2019. Now that I’ve made my own experiences, I want to tell you about them.
Inhalte
But first: A bit of background information
What is a closed-loop system anyway?
The term describes a self-controlling system that regulates the glucose levels of a person with diabetes. Such systems enable the automatic delivery of insulin. The Medtronic MiniMed 670G is called a hybrid because it only provides basal insulin delivery. Carbohydrates and meal boluses must still be entered manually.
But why did it take so long to develop and launch?
The reason is no longer technical feasibility, but the risk associated with automated insulin delivery: an overdose of insulin can be fatal. No wonder that approval and market launch were faced with major regulatory hurdles. For a long time, people with diabetes were waiting patiently. But at some point, impatience got the better of them: The diabetes community got to work and designed the first, so-called DIY (Do It Yourself) closed-loop systems. Their motto: #WeAreNotWaiting. It’s important to emphasise that these systems are not officially approved. So no company offers any warranty and the responsibility is carried by the users alone.
My perspective
For the sake of this review, it is important to know that I have also been using a DIY loop system since. Since then, I have been able to enjoy the advantages of this technology and I am still extremely enthusiastic about it. But as great as the DIY Loop is for me, my ideal vision looks different. An app that I built myself, an ancient pump that has long expired out of warranty, a system for which nobody but me can be held accountable? If I’m being honest, I don’t want to bear all this responsibility on my own. I would much prefer an officially approved system with warranty and legal security.
That is why I was all the more pleased to be given the opportunity to test the new Medtronic MiniMed 670G. Medtronic provided the entire system to me and almost 40 other bloggers from Germany. The trial phase was accompanied by thorough training and an event at the German company headquarters in Meerbusch.
You know me: Once I finally got hold of the the pump, I immediately wanted to decorate it with a nice sticker. As the 670G is externally identical to the 640G, my stickers still fit perfectly. If you also want to decorate your pump, then have a look around the shop. 🙂 But now on to the pump itself!
What does the Medtronic MiniMed 670G promise?
A few facts and figures provided by Medtronic: More than 55,000 patients used the system in their daily lives, increasing their time in the target range from 63.0% to 73.3%. Hyper- and hypoglycemic time was reduced from 33.6% to 24.3% (>180 mg/dl) and from 3.7% to 2.4% (<70 mg/dl) respectively.
Does it really work that well?
Yep. It works. In the practical test I spent 93% of the time in auto mode. The result was 77% time in the target range. Nice numbers, with which I was happy enough. BUT: In the terms of functionality and quality of life, the system has some shortcomings in my eyes, which I describe in detail below.
What makes the system so special? What is the difference between the Medtronic MiniMed 670G and 640G?
Although throughout our diabetes careers, many of us have spent a lot of time and energy testing basal rates in search of the „perfect basal rate,“ our actual insulin needs change every day and every night. You know it all too well yourselves: No two days are the same and no two basal rates in the world can be perfect. I for one can definitely confirm this: Some days, my regular basal rate isn’t nearly enough insulin. On other days, the same amount of insulin drags me into one hypo after the other.
That’s why the Medtronic MiniMed 640G was already a milestone: It prevented such hypos with the SmartGuard Suspend on Low feature. It interrupts basal delivery during or before low blood sugar levels and automatically resumes delivery only when sensor glucose levels return to target range.
The 670G: A quantum leap
But the 670G takes things a significant step further. The key is its Auto Mode, which allows automatic adaptive delivery of basal insulin. Based on sensor glucose readings, the insulin requirements are calculated every five minutes and the basal insulin delivery is dynamically adjusted. This means that the system can not only deliver less insulin than in the pre-programmed basal rate, but also more! And all this is done automatically. Boom! Many blood sugar fluctuations, especially hypoglycemia, can be avoided. Especially during sleep, which is usually independent of mealtimes, the auto mode can accurately cover basal requirements.
There are some requirements for the 670G to run in auto mode. If these are not met, the 670G will deliver a fixed basal rate „safe basal“. This basal rate is calculated based on the readings for the past six days. However, it is also possible to leave Auto mode and use the pump in Manual Mode. This is equivalent to the functions of the previous 640G including the SmartGuard Suspend on Low function.
But altough the Auto Mode is a really crucial feature compared to the 640G, the 670G has also lost some basic functions. For example, the temporary basal rate and the dual bolus. I’ll describe how this is reflected in its use below.
How does it all work?
What are the components of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G system?
- Medtronic MiniMed 670G insulin pump + matching infusion set
- Glucose sensor & transmitter of the Medtronic Guardian 3 CGMS
- Ascensia Contour Next Link 2.4 blood glucose meter (sends values directly to the pump)
- Medtronic Carelink therapy software for analysis & data transfer
The Medtronic Guardian 3 CGM Sensor
The system is based on the glucose readings of the Guardian 3 CGM Sensor. CGM means Continuous Glucose Monitoring. The sensor checks the tissue glucose every five minutes, sends it to the pump and issues alarms in case of hypo- or hyperglycemia.
The Guardian 3 needs to be supplied with blood values on a very regular basis: Calibrations are required at least every 12 hours after the first day. Sometimes more often. In addition, the system may require further blood glucose values. However, these will not be used for calibration, but only to verify the calculation. A total of about five blood glucose measurements per day must be expected.
The Contour Next device is particularly suitable for the bloody measurements, as it can send glucose values to the pump and all I need to do is confirm it with the push of a button. Very handy indeed!
People have very different experiences with the Guardian. Personally, I can usually rely on the values. But every now and then there are huge deviations. Usually deviations are up to 100 mg/dl, but in one case it was 350 mg/dl off!!! (Yes, I double-triple-quadruple-checked. It was really that bad.) This of course is unacceptable and really shakes my confidence in the sensor.
In addition, glucose values are often displayed too low. Thanks to the DIY Loop, I have gotten used to cruising around 80-90 mg/dl. The Guardian often reads these below 80 mg/dl, which results in an alarm – even though everything is fine. Combined with ongoing connectivity problems, this has led to alarm inflation for me. It’s just annoying and makes me take alarms less than seriously. In addition, there were always little problems like mysterious sensor updates or total failures – of course paired with additional alarms.
Bleeding can occur during sensor insertion. But that’s fine with me, as long as the patch still sticks to my skin, as the adhesive surface is quite small. I also tend to get smaller allergies and blisters from the patch – especially around the edges.
So as a whole, the Guardian is not my favourite sensor, but it usually works well enough. During the first weeks I wore my Dexcom G6 at the same time. But after a while I relied on the Guardian.
One thing is clear: If you want to use the 670G in auto mode, you can’t avoid the Guardian. Unfortunately, the pump is not compatible with other CGM sensors, which I find frustrating. I can that a test of the Guardian is worthwhile before switching to the whole system. After all, if you don’t get along with the Guardian, you might also have problems with the 670G.
The pump and the algorithm
The pump is where the real magic of the system lies: the algorithm. An algorithm is basically a calculation or problem-solving process according to a certain scheme. In many individual steps, input data is converted into output data. The algorithm driving the Medtronic MiniMed 670G’s auto mode analyzes our glucose data and decides if and how much insulin we need. Ingenious!
The 670G must be run in manual mode for at least 48 hours before auto mode could begin. I was advised by Medtronic to spend a week in manual mode before activating auto mode. During this time, the algorithm can collect data and then work based on that data. This is often referred to as a learning algorithm. But it is important to know that it does not learn infinitely, but only looks at the data of the last six days (with special focus on the last three days). So the learning ability is limited, which is why I find the term learning algorithm somewhat misleading. The system doesn’t get smarter over time or adapt better to my body little by little. Instead, it’s more like a fixed pattern of analysis and action. The only thing that changes over time is the data provided.
What I find exciting about the current technical innovations: It is no longer a question of which pump, i.e. which hardware is the best. It’s about which algorithm is the most sophisticated. And of course Medtronic is right at the forefront here.
The fundamentals, settings and pitfalls of the system
Although the 670G is clearly more advanced than its predecessor, there are also some changes that feel like a step backwards: Temporary basal rates, flexible target ranges and correction boluses, as well as the multi-wave bolus are a thing of the past.
The universal target value of the 670G is fixed at 120 mg/dl and can only be temporarily increased to 150 mg/dl (e.g. for sports). Other settings are impossible. So if the 120 mg/dl is too high for you, you won’t get far. Pregnancy is not a contraindication, so the system MAY be used during this time. However, I’m gathering that the blood sugars achieved with it would be well above the target range suggested for pregnancies.
Farewell, temporary basal rate!
Automatic basal calculation means that the 670G no longer has the option of a temporary basal rate. So, for example, if I want to exercise, the only thing I can do is temporarily set the target value to 150 mg/dl.
Personally, I missed this function immensely: 42 different factors and countless life situations influence blood sugar. I myself have tried and tested a lot in the past months and often use temporary basal rates. For example for exercise, alcohol, conferences, stress, adventure travel and long journeys. Particularly during longer flights or train rides, I have an extremely high insulin requirement of 130%. Thats just the way it is.
But unfortunately I can’t give that information to the 670G via a temporary change, nor does it react accordingly on its own. This is because the maximum basal delivery in auto mode is limited – this setting is calculated based on data from the past six days and cannot be changed manually. During my test phase, there were many train journeys and I could observe how the 670G failed every time. Even though the solution would have been so simple: The good old temporary basal rate.
I am definitely not alone with this problem. Many people with diabetes need significantly more insulin than usual in times of illness or when taking cortisone. The advice I got from Medtronic was to switch back to manual mode. If my basal requirements were then in fact increased over a period of several days, it might be possible to switch back to auto mode based on this data. That’s one solution, but it’s not really satisfactory to me.
In addition, if the auto mode has kept basal delivery at the maximum for 4 hours or at the minimum for 2.5 hours, the system will require a blood glucose check before continuing mode. Personally, I regularly experienced basal delivery being at maximum for several hours, especially at times when I would have liked to set a temporary basal rate or even a multi-wave bolus (more on this below).
In my opinion, it’s great when the auto mode (similar to SmartGuard on the 640G) prevents me from hypoglycaemia with minimum delivery. Why does it kick me out of auto mode after 2.5 hours when my glucose level demanded this? For me, such extreme fluctuations in basal requirements are reality and normality. This is something I also observe in using DIY Loop. In my eyes, the auto mode exists for exactly these adjustments – it’s simply doing its job. The associated alarms were therefore extremely annoying to me, especially since they were usually triggered at night.
Farewell, individual target value and correction bolus! Hello, Fake Carbs!
Another important info is that the auto mode always corrects to the target value of 150 mg/dl. It is not possible to adjust the target value (although I personally would always set it a full 50 mg/dl lower), nor to change the suggested correction bolus. These are of course obvious decisions in favor of safety, which I do understand.
However, I kept running into trouble with this. As soon as my blood sugar was way up high, I had a hard time getting it back to target. The corrections simply did not work. The insulin sensitivity or correction factor is calculated by the system itself (while the user needs to set the carb factors themselves). I don’t know whether the pump takes into account a certain insulin resistance at high values (which is in fact relevant in my case). Anyway, the consequences were very conservative and often ineffective correction boluses. And therefore a higher time above the target range than I am used to.
This is where the phenomenon of “ fake carbs“ comes into play. I had heard in advance that people „lie“ to their 670G in order to be able to deliver more insulin. „How stupid can you be?“ I thought at the time. We were also warned about this at the product launch and at an event with Medtronic. All right, all right – I’m not going to be doing that! And yet, it took me less than two weeks to get to the point where I was lying to my pump. I knew intuitively that the suggested correction bolus would not be enough. So I added a few carbohydrates too much here and there to be able to deliver more insulin. I know – that sounds stupid. But it worked.
We had a passionate discussion about this during a Medtronic event. But the proposed solution to the problem „I can’t get my blood sugar down“ more than irritated me: We should check the setting for active insulin time and, if necessary, shorten it significantly, to about 2 to 2.5 hours. Yes – this would enable the algorithm to deliver more insulin without using fake carbs. I get that. But tampering with active insulin time is taking it too far for me.
I know that this topic is always subject of passionate discussion in the online community anyway. But my view is extremely simple: active insulin time is a matter for pharmacology and can be read in black and white from instruction manuals. Of course there are always variations – every person and every diabetes is different. But if you set a significantly shorter duration of action in the pump, you also add a considerable risk of possible overlaps and hypoglycemia. This discussion has made me extremely insecure.
The workarounds with fake carbs or a fake duration of action may work. But it can’t make sense to lie to such an advanced system with fake data – especially since you run the risk of completely confusing the algorithm. In my opinion, it would make much more sense to give users the opportunity to change the suggested correction bolus. At this point, for example, a clear warning message could appear that this is being done against the recommendation of the algorithm. Hey FDA – would this be a compromise? I believe that patients can be trusted this far at least.
Farewell, dual bolus! Goodbye, Pizza??? (Never!!!)
In addition to the temporary basal rate, the dual bolus / multi-wave bolus is also a thing of the past. This refers to the splitting and thus the delayed delivery of a bolus – a function that is much loved by many pump users, oftentimes to tackle pizza. Well, the 670G does not have this function. The reasoning: The algorithm should be enough to deal with it. The reality: No, it doesn’t, because of its limitations. So Medtronic’s advice was to divide the carbohydrate input and set a reminder for it if necessary.
You could call me a drama queen, but: I’m using the most modern pump system in the world and I have to set an alarm clock to be able to eat pizza? Mamma Mia! It’s the little things – for me often the ones containing fat and carbohydrates – that make life worth living. 😉 In this respect, the 670G is unfortunately a huge step backwards for me in terms of ease of use and above all quality of life.
And this brings us to the most important topic for me personally when it comes to diabetes therapy: quality of life!
Numbers and results VS. Quality of Life
Clinical results, like my 77% in target, are one thing. They are important, no question. It concerns our bodies, of which we only have one. Our health, which we want to maintain in the best possible way. We can actually measure these results and make them comparable.
But the other thing is the quality of life of people with diabetes, who can / want / need to use technologies and integrate them into their daily lives. Diabetes sucks – and technology should make it easier for us. My dream for diabetes technology: I want to feel supported, take care of my diabetes as little as possible, spend as little time and energy on it and be reminded of my diabetes as little as possible.
Of course, we are far from that, but a closed-loop system CAN be a big step in that direction. But although the Medtronic MiniMed 670G is so convincing on the clinical side, in terms of quality of life it unfortunately scores negative points for me overall.
Practical: Everything in one place (my body)!
In terms of quality of life, a big positive is that the pump and sensor are genreally a well-oiled machine that is complete in itself and can be worn on my body. No other devices are necessary. In comparison, with the DIY iOS Loop, I always have to carry my iPhone and a small additional device called RileyLink with me. In everyday life this does not bother me at all. But still I really enjoyed this sudden feeling of freedom with the 670G.
But because it can only be operated directly from the pump itself (and not from a smartphone), I had to handle the pump extremely often. Personally, I usually wear my DIY loop pump on my bra, and sometimes in sewn-in pockets in my underwear when wearing dresses and skirts. If you have to reach there regularly, it is extremely impractical! 😉 But since the system is closed off and does not communicate with any other devices, I can only read my glucose levels from the pump itself. It’s a pity, because I miss the connection to the Smartphone and the Smartwatch (if not to operate it, then at least to read the current blood glucose value).
Annoying: Alarm terror!
On top of that, there are the many alarms and messages for which I have to dig out the device every single time: Firstly, there are the about five manual blood sugar checks that are needed daily to stay in auto mode. And secondly, there are the many different alarms of
the Guardian 3 CGMS, especially for hypos that aren’t hypos. On top of that, the warnings that bothered me the most: „Max delivery in auto mode“ and „Min delivery in auto mode“. The smart pump is just doing its job – and suddenly it alerts and goes on strike for exactly that reason. In practice I came up with 10 to 15 alarms per day.
To me, this felt like I was being terrorised by alerts. Here’s a fact from the first month with the pump: In 25 of 30 nights I had at least one alarm from the 670G. My sleep quality was worse than ever. This is not the fairytale of the princess on the pea: sleep quality is important! It’s a vicious circle: Bad sleep often leads to bad blood sugar levels, makes you unproductive and, by the way, also causes bad mood.
My whole environment, my boyfriend, as well as my work colleagues can definitely confirm this part of the test: I just wasn’t feeling well and I was constantly annoyed by my pump. I’ll be honest: I find it hard to appreciate a device that is so advanced and intelligent, and that gives great results for my body when it puts so much strain on my mind.
Tips for using the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
The system needs correct information and … trust!
The step to the closed loop involves considerable risks: insulin is delivered independently, based on data. It is therefore of fundamental importance to ensure that this data is correct. The system needs calibrations as well as additional blood glucose values. In my opinion, the workarounds I’ve described above (fake carbs and fake active insulin time) are misinformation, which is not necessarily beneficial for the algorithm.
So you need to listen to the system – and trust it! Personally, this was not so easy for me. I had the feeling that I knew too little about what the pump was doing. For example, when the active insulin is displayed, only the bolus insulin is shown. So I cannot see how much insulin is active as basal insulin via mode – an important piece of information that I missed. Transparency creates trust – I find it easier to trust a system that I can understand.
Ultimately, however, the results here prove that the system works and that you can rely on it. In my opinion, it is important (even with all the criticism that can be read here), to trust the system and give it a chance. 🙂
Carbohydrates, Low Carb, fats & proteins with the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
Since the system is a hybrid closed loop, it only regulates basal delivery. Carbohydrates must therefore still be entered and corresponding boluses must be delivered manually. According to Medtronic, the algorithm should be able to meet insulin needs through low carb meals, as well as fats and proteins, without the need to enter converted carbohydrates or deliver boluses. However, I myself have no experience with this (Remember: I’m team pizza! ;-)).
According to Medtronic, carbohydrates eaten to treat hypos should not be entered into the bolus calculator (otherwise a bolus would be suggested). However, they should be entered via the event marker so that the information for the algorithm is not lost.
Exercise with the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
Exercising with the 670G was not as easy as I had hoped. Unfortunately, you can only prepare via the temporary target value of 150 mg/dl and eat a few carbohydrates at the same time. If you eat too early before exercise, you run the risk that your blood sugar rises quickly and the algorithm starts a counter regulation with more insulin. My recommendation: Test carefully and gather your own experiences!
Speaking of exercise: I personally would be careful when swimming … The production quality of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
Like the 640G, the 670G also tends to develop cracks, especially on the reservoir shaft. Unfortunately, it took me less than 4 weeks until the first crack appeared on the 670G, too. The problem is well known at Medtronic and managing complaints is quick and easy. My advice from experience: If you like to take the pump with you into the water, you should check it thoroughly for cracks beforehand. If you’re going on vacation, it’s also a good idea to apply for a vacation pump in good time. In my experience, this is unfortunately rejected for long-term trips, so you should always have a plan B.
How could I forget? Stickers for the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
Haha, there’s no way around this for me! If you find the 670G too boring, decorate it with one of my stickers! The stickers also protect the display, which otherwise gets scratched very quickly. Check out all the designs by clicking here!
Summary of advantages and disadvantages
PRO
- In my opinion, the Medtronic MiniMed 670G is currently the most modern system officially available on the German market.
- The auto mode usually works very well and the results are impressive.
- The system is officially approved and Medtronic provides warranty and customer service. This should be a given, but for me as DIY looper it is a great, safe and affirming feeling.
- The pump and sensor are a well-oiled machine. I wear the entire system on my body without having to carry additional equipment.
- I have found Medtronic’s customer service and product trainers to be extremely helpful and competent, as well as easily accessible. Thumbs up!
CON
- Despite the good clinical results, my quality of life (especially my sleep) suffered enormously due to the system: 5 blood sugar checks a day, plus an estimated 10-15 alarms and messages – this is simply too much for me.
- Guardian sensor: Not everyone gets along with this sensor and there is no compatibility with other CGM sensors.
- Lack of flexibility or missing functions:
- No individual target value can be set (standard: 120 mg/dl, temporary only 150 mg/dl possible). This is too high and too inflexible for many people.
- Corrections to fixed target value 150 mg/dl often do not work effectively. However, the suggested bolus and correction cannot be changed.
- No temporary basal rate: I miss this very much, as it leads to too much time above the target range and makes exercise more difficult.
- No dual bolus: A big step backwards in terms of pizza!
- No connection to smartphone or smartwatch. The glucose value can therefore only be read directly from the pump. In addition, the pump must therefore be held in hand very often (which can be annoying, depending on where one carries it).
- The pump tends to develop cracks – which means that the pump is no longer waterproof and may not function at all.
- The menu navigation is unfortunately not very intuitive. Functions that are used regularly (e.g. status or reservoir) can only be reached with many key clicks.
The conclusion of my experience with the Medtronic MiniMed 670G
In summary, I can say that the Medtronic MiniMed 670G is the step into the future that I had hoped for. It is great that such a system is finally available on the German market! YES! Auto mode usually works well and delivers great results that don’t fall short of expectations. For me it was 77% in the target range, which is an absolutely satisfying result for me.
But I also know now that I CAN achieve more: With the DIY iOS Loop I achieve an even higher time in the target range (especially because the time above the target range is lower). And above all I achieve a higher quality of life. This is exactly where the 670G falters: I have experienced the alarms and security features as nerve-racking. At the same time, the solutions to the problem would sometimes be very simple – I find many of the alarms and blocked function blocks unnecessary. The system works like a racing car with a speed limit of 50 km/h: It could tend more precise to my needs, if it was allowed to. So the technology is there, but you can’t let it off the leash just yet.
Despite all the criticism, one thing is clear: Medtronic did not install the many security mechanisms and alarms for fun. We have to realize that these systems are on a new level. They deliver insulin – automatically. If something goes wrong, it can be fatal. Of course, companies prefer to play it safe. And Medtronic often doesn’t make decisions on its own, but is dependent on the approval and goodwill of bodies such as the FDA. In the end, compromises are often made, which of course are intended to serve the well-being of the patients, but also to protect the companies. In the end, the 670G is a product that is really good, but could have been much better and more user-friendly.
With all the focus on safety and measurable results, I think it is important not to lose sight of the big picture. The focus should be on making life with diabetes easier – in everyday life, at work, during good times and in stressful situations.
My suggestions for improvement
But the basis for this is definitely there. I am sure that the coming generations of pumps will be even better and more “ manageable“. My wish for the future is that the Guardian will be more accurate and reliable. This would mean that a significant amount of alarms would disappear. On the other hand, I would also like to see interoperability. Personally, I simply prefer the Dexcom, another person perhaps likes the Eversense. I really wish Medtronic would make this possible!
In addition, I would like to see improvements to the system itself: For me, the most annoying alarm is max/min delivery in auto mode. If this were to be increased from 4 or 2.5 hours to at least 6 or 8 hours, you could sleep through the night. And then I’d wish for the classic pump functions back: Adjustable target values, temporary basal rates and the good old dual bolus, so that pizza only goes wrong in 30% of cases instead of 90%. Last but not least, I don’t really want to hold the pump in my hand anymore – I just want to carry it somewhere on my body and stow it away, run the controls via my smartphone and monitor the glucose level via the Smartwatch. A girl can dream, right? 🙂
Who is the Medtronic MiniMed 670G suitable for?
My experience with this system is certainly not transferable to everyone – it’s very, very subjective. Absolute perfectionists who have very low blood glucose and HbA1c goals may find this system to be a challenge. And if you don’t want to check your blood sugar manually, the system simply won’t work for you. DIY Loopers must be prepared for the fact that the system is not as flexible as the ones they are used to – or perhaps they will enjoy the feeling of security of an approved system. I expect that people who already use the 640G and are happy with it will get along very well with the 670G and appreciate it extremely. For those who have been using ICT (pens) so far, the conversion to such a complex system may be very substantial – but the benefits can be just as significant!
So everyone will make their own experiences with this system. For my part, I am absolutely grateful to have had the opportunity to test the 670G and will continue to try it out. This system is an absolute milestone for diabetes therapy and gives me hope for the future!
I hope this review on the Medtronic MiniMed 670G was helpful for you. But how about you guys? Who is already on the 670G and how is it going? I am curious about your experiences! Are there any open questions? I am looking forward to your comments!
Links:
The great stickers for the Medtronic MiniMed 670G are available here!
Disclosure:
Many thanks to Medtronic, who made the entire system available to me free of charge for up to one year for testing purposes and also invited me to an event in Meerbusch.
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